Common Birch is a genus of deciduous trees and shrubs belonging to the Birch family. The habitat in nature throughout Russia and the Northern Hemisphere. The name of the tree comes from the root of bhereg, which means to glow, whiten.
Birch - description and description
Birch is a white-trunked tree reaching a height of up to 30 m. She lives about 100-150 years. It has an even long trunk, smooth, with characteristic black lines or spots on the surface of the cortex. The tree has branched roots that go deep into the ground. The leaves are triangular oblong in different sizes, very fragrant, painted in different shades of green, serrated at the edges. Young leaflets may be sticky. 
Dwarf
From time immemorial in Russia is a cult plant, a symbol of Slavism. The tree was associated with the appearance of a young beautiful girl - pure and immaculate. In the culture of the Slavs, it is a spiritual tree - it drives away evil spirits and is a family talisman.
Widely used in folk medicine. For example, from the branches you can collect a broom for a bath, soaring with which will ease muscle tension and soothe the skin. Birch sap has a beneficial effect on blood circulation, and tar will help with skin diseases.
The beauty and significance of this tree is praised in the literature, and the benefits of birch as a plant cannot be overestimated. It is hardy and tolerant of any weather and soil, so its natural habitat in nature is so wide. 
Black
Wood
Birch wood is very strong, the surface of the bark has a slight sheen. Due to its strength properties, special elasticity, it is widely used in construction and finishing works and in carpentry and furniture production. Without proper treatment, it tends to rot. 
Erman
Bloom
It starts in April. Birch has stamen and pistil earrings. Pistil - female, 2-3.5 cm long, one on a branch. They live mainly on the side of the branch. Appear with the blooming of the first leaves. Stamens - male, long scaly, 6-7 cm long, 3-4 units on branches, pollen abundantly secreted. One earring includes about 600 seeds. The fruit is an oval nut with two wings that are several times superior to it. Ripening begins in August. Seeds are spread on the ground due to the wind and take root on any soil. 
Karelian
Types of birches
The exact classification has not yet been established, and the number of species of the family totals about 100. The most popular:
| View | Height (m) / barrel diameter (m) | Description |
| Fluffy (pubescent) | About 20-27. About 0.75. | Young bark is brown in color, whitens with age. Narrow crown, branches up, spreading variety. Undemanding to the sun, frost-resistant, preferably moist soil. It grows in Siberia, the Caucasus and western Europe. |
| Dangling (warty) | Maximum 35. About 0.8. | The most common variety. In young trees, the bark is brown, whitens after 10 years. Branches hang down, covered with a lot of resin. Habitat - Europe, Asia, North Africa. |
| Ehrman (stone) | Until 10-12. Reaches 1. | The uniqueness of the tree in life expectancy is about 500 years. A winding trunk, sparse crown. The bark is gray to brown in color. It grows in Siberia, the Far East, China, Japan. |
| Cherry (viscous, sweet) | Around 22-27. Up to 0.65. | Fissured dark brown bark. A tree cap in the shape of a pyramid, with branches down. The leaves are oblong oval in saturated green color. He does not like frosts, favors moist and drained soils. Habitat - Baltic States, Belarus, Eastern Europe. |
| Black (river) | Not more than 35. More than 1. | Brown or gray bark with a rough texture. The leaves are triangular or oval, dark green. Loves the warm climate. It grows in America. |
| Dwarf (small, dwarf) | Fluctuates from 0.2 to 1. | Strongly branched shrub with a bark of brown shade. Fluffy leaves with serrated edges. It grows mainly in the tundra, therefore, loves excessively moist soil. It is found in Yakutia, Kamchatka, Siberia, as well as in mountainous regions. |
| Karelian | May reach 6-9. About 0.4. | The shape is similar to a bush. The trunk is tuberous, uneven. Wood is highly regarded in furniture manufacturing. The crown is acutifoliate, the serrated edges of the petals. Natural habitat - Norway, Sweden, Karelia, Poland, Belarus. |
DanglingLanding and care
Birch is not picky on the ground, can grow and develop in any. To grow curly tree in your own area, it is recommended to prepare moist and loamy soil. You should dig a depression in which the mixture is added in a certain proportion: peat, sand, humus and ordinary garden soil in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 2. In order for the plant to take root better, the seedling must be placed with an earthen lump on the roots. After planting, you need to provide regular watering and top dressing with complex fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium.
Do not forget that in the summer the tree absorbs a lot of water; accordingly, it is necessary to water regularly taking into account 1 bucket per 1 sq. Km. m
They feed it twice a year: in autumn and spring - with a nitrogen-containing solution or nitroammophos.
Prevention of diseases and pests is carried out annually. The plant is treated with fungicide, an insecticide. 
Fluffy
Mr. Summer resident informs: medicinal properties of birch and application
The tree is known for its healing properties: it promotes wound healing, eliminates inflammation, fights against germs, and also strengthens the immune system as a whole.
A decoction made from birch leaves can be used as a disinfectant, antiseptic, diuretic and choleretic agent. Essential oils, vitamin C, nicotinic acid, antioxidants, tannins - saturate them.
In addition to boiling, from the leaves you can get an infusion that contains antioxidants: phytoncides and flavonoids. They promote the regeneration of cells and tissues, since antioxidants tend to absorb free radicals. It is used as an antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory agent.
Tincture of young birch leaves is an excellent vitamin preparation that helps with kidney diseases, jaundice, malaise and stress.
Birch sap has an immune-strengthening effect due to its constituent acids, glucose and fructose. If you collect it on certain days of March or April, the juice helps to cleanse the blood.
From birch buds, decoctions and tinctures are prepared for diseases of the genitourinary system. In addition, they have a diaphoretic, choleretic and diuretic effect. 
Cherry
The use of a birch broom in the bath is a prevention of pulmonary diseases, helps to relax the whole body as a whole and has a beneficial effect on the skin.
In general, a person’s presence in a birch forest has a beneficial effect on him - it reduces the risk of catching a cold, and an amazing smell will relieve a bad mood.
